The Evolution Of Social Entrepreneurship In Thailand
Abstract
Social enterprises began in Thailand in the 1970s. Since then, these dual-mission organisations, which strive to satisfy both economic and social aims, have flourished and are considered by the government as key social innovation drivers. Although the term is familiar to certain groups, the general public awareness remains limited, thus efforts are still required to understand, develop support, and encourage government and stakeholders to facilitate social enterprises for better governance in the country.
This paper explores the evolution of social entrepreneurship in Thailand since its beginnings. In doing so, the paper also seeks to contribute to the understanding of the history of Thai social enterprises in relation to the contemporary political and socio-economic context of the country. Finally, the paper briefly compares the social enterprise landscape in Thailand with that of Vietnam in order to draw potential policy implications for Vietnam’s social enterprise legal framework.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ashoka Foundation. (n.d.). Ashoka Thailand. Retrieved July 14, 2019, from https://www.ashoka.org/en-TH B Corps. (n.d.). NISECorp S.E. Co.,Ltd. | Certified B Corporation. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from
https://bcorporation.eu/directory/nisecorp-se-coltd
Baan Unrak Children's Village. (n.d.). Homepage. Retrieved July 08, 2019 from Baan Unrak Children's Village:
https://www.baanunrak.org/
Baker, C., & Phongpaichit, P. (2014). A history of Thailand (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Bangkok Post. (2017). A legal framework to promote social enterprises in Thailand. Retrieved July 10, 2019, from
https://www.bangkokpost.com website: https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1216337/a-legal-
framework-to-promote-social-enterprises-in-thailand
Bangkok Post. (2018). SET researching social enterprise support. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from
https://www.bangkokpost.com website: https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1503094/set-researching-
social-enterprise-support
Becchetti, L., & Borzaga, C. (2010). The ecoconomics of social responsibitlity: The world of social enterprises.
Taylor & Francis.
Betts, S. C., Laud, R., & Kretinin, A. (2018). Social entrepreneurship: A contemporary approach to solving social problems. Global Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 31.
Bidet, É., & Defourny, J. (2019). Social Enterprise in Asia : Theory, Models and Practice. New York, Ny: Routledge.
British Council. (2016). Social enterprise in a global context: The role of higher education institutions - Country Brief: Thailand. Retrieved from https://www.britishcouncil.or.th/sites/default/files/thailand_- _social_enterprise_in_a_global_context_-_final_report.pdf
British Council Thailand. (n.d.). Social enterprise is set to take off in Thailand. Retrieved July 8, 2019, from https://www.britishcouncil.org/society/social-enterprise/news-events/news-social-enterprise-set-to-take-off- in-thailand
British Council, Thomson Reuters Foundation, & United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. (2018). ASEAN Social Enterprise Structuring Guide. Retrieved from https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/asean_social_enterprise_structuring_guide_guide_final_w eb_version_0.pdf
British Council Vietnam. (2012). Social Enterprise in Vietnam: Concept, Context and Policies. Retrieved from https://www.britishcouncil.vn/sites/default/files/social-enterprise-in-vietnam-concept-context-policies.pdf
British Council Vietnam, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, & Central Institute for Economic Management. (2019). Social Enterprise in Vietnam. Retrieved from https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/state_of_social_enterprise_in_vietnam_british_council_w eb_final.pdf
Cabbages & Condoms. (n.d.). Cabbages & Condoms. Retrieved July 1, 2019 from Homepage: http://www.cabbagesandcondoms.net/
ChangeFusion. (n.d.). ChangeFusion Homepage. Retrieved July 14, 2019, from https://changefusion.org/?lang=en Department of Trade and Industry in the United Kingdom. (2002). Social enterprise: a strategy for success. DTI,
London.
Doherty, B., Foster, G., Meehan, J., & Mason, C. (2009). Management for social enterprise. Sage Publications. Elkington, J. (n.d.). Enter the Triple Bottom Line. 16.
Grassroots Volunteering. (2018, January 13). 20+ Social Enterprises in Thailand — A Responsible Travel Guide.
Retrieved July 9, 2019, from Grassroots Volunteering website:
http://blog.grassrootsvolunteering.org/social-enterprises-thailand/
Impact Connect Asia. (2014). Thailand launched first ESGC Mutual Fund. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from
ImpactConnect.asia website: http://impactconnect.asia/updates/news/Thailand-launched-first-ESGC-
Mutual-Fund/1/
Jitsuchon, S. (2012). Thailand in a middle-income trap. Retrieved from https://tdri.or.th/wp-
content/uploads/2012/12/t5j2012-somchai.pdf
Kamarck, E. C. (2007). The End of Government.... As We Know It: Making Public Policy Work. Boulder, CO. Kerlin, J. A. (2009). Social Enterprise : A Global Comparison. Retrieved July 3, 2019, from
http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzUzMTA4NF9fQU41?sid=90e8506d-403e-
a2-9404-97e07a727225@sessionmgr4008&vid=0&format=EB
Kettl, D. F. (1997). The global revolution in public management: Driving themes, missing links. Journal of Policy
Analysis and Management: The Journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and
Management, 16(3), 446-462.
Kittisrikangwan, L. (2015, June 24). Thailand’s new wave of social change. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from
https://bk.asia-city.com/city-living/news/thailand-social-enterprises-giving-back
Mae Fah Luang Foundation. (n.d.). Homepage. Retrieved July 08, 2019 from Mae Fah Luang Foundation:
http://www.maefahluang.org/?p=893
Mekong Responsible Tourism. (n.d.). Birds and bees on the menu at Cabbages & Condoms Restaurants. Retrieved
July 2, 2019 from Mekong Responsible Tourism: http://www.mekongresponsibletourism.org/thailand/40-
where-to-eat-drink-in-thailand/birds-and-bees-on-the-menu-at-cabbages-condoms-restaurant.html
Nguyen, D. (2018). The Role Of Civil Society Organization In Shaping An Asean Identity. ASEAN/Asian Academic
Society International Conference Proceeding Series, 0(0), 495–508.
Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board. (2018). Thailand’s Social Development in
Q1/2018. Retrieved from http://www.nesdb.go.th/nesdb_en/download/document/Social%20Press_Q1-
_EN.pdf
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2013). Policy Brief on Social Entrepreneurship.
Retrieved March 14, 2019 from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/Social%20entrepreneurship%20policy%20brief%20EN_FINAL.pdf.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Thailand. (2016). Tax Newsletter, Issue no. 3/2016. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/th/en/pwc-tax-newsletters/2016/2016-tax-newsletter-03.pdf
Rainey, H. G. (2009). Understanding and managing public organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
Saebi, T., Foss, N. J., & Linder, S. (2019). Social entrepreneurship research: Past achievements and future
promises. Journal of Management, 45(1), 70-95.
Social Enterprise Thailand Association. (n.d.). SE Thailand Homepage. Retrieved July 9, 2019, from SE Thailand
website: https://www.sethailand.org/en/
Stock Exchange Thailand. (n.d.). Social Impact Investment. Retrieved July 9, 2019, from
https://www.set.or.th/sustainable_dev/en/social_impact_investment/about_p1.html
Social Enterprise UK. (n.d.). Social Enterprise UK. Retrieved July 1, 2019 from What is it all about!:
https://www.socialenterprise.org.uk/what-is-it-all-about
Teokul, W. (1999). Social Development in Thailand: Past, Present and Future Roles of the Public Sector. ASEAN
Economic Bulletin, 16(3), 360–372. Retrieved from JSTOR.
Thai Government Public Relations Department. (2018). Draft Bill on Social Enterprise Promotion. Retrieved July
, 2019, from http://thailand.prd.go.th/thailand/ewt_news.php?nid=6970&filename=index
Thailand Social Innovation Platform. (n.d.). Thailand Social Innovation Platform Homepage. Retrieved July 10,
, from https://www.thailandsocialinnovationplatform.org/home/
The Nation Thailand. (2018). Social enterprises key ‘to boost sustainable development.’ Retrieved July 11, 2019,
from http://www.nationthailand.com website: https://www.nationthailand.com/national/30360100 Warnecke, T. (2018). Social Entrepreneurship in China: Driving Institutional Change. Journal of Economic
Issues, 52(2), 368-377.
Women’s Education for Advancement and Empowerment Foundation. (n.d.). Women’s Education for Advancement
and Empowerment Foundation. Retrieved July 14, 2019, from http://www.weave-women.org/ World Bank. (n.d.). Thailand Poverty Data. Retrieved July 9, 2019, from
https://data.worldbank.org/topic/poverty?locations=TH
World Bank. (2011). Thailand Now an Upper Middle Income Economy [Text/HTML]. Retrieved July 10, 2019,
from World Bank website: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2011/08/02/thailand-now-
upper-middle-income-economy
World Bank. (2019). Overview of Thailand [Text/HTML]. Retrieved July 9, 2019, from World Bank website:
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/thailand/overview
Zebioli R. C., (Ed.). (2009). Thailand: Economic, Political and Social Issues (Vol. 1). Nova Science Pub
Incorporated.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.